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J. A. Wagenseixfr, Primer. 



(Dur Hational fttnitg Jpafceteb in tbc glarfgrbom of our Jresfoent. 



A DISCOURSE 



DELIVERED IX THE 



CHAPEL OF THE FILBERT STEEET U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL. 



On the Day of the Obsequies, at Washington, 



OF OUR LATE PRESIDENT, 



April 19tli, 1S65. 



B Y 

REV. A. G. THOMAS, 
H 

HOSPITAL CHAPLAIN U. S. A. 



PHILADELPHIA : 

SMITH, ENGLISH & CO., 23 NORTH SIXTH STREET. 

1865. 



- s 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



Filbert Street U. S. A. General Hospital, April 20th, 1865. 

REV. A. G. THOMAS, Hospital Chaplain U. S. A.,— 
Dear Sir: 

We, the undersigned Officers, Patients, and Committees, of Filber 
Street U. S. A. General Hospital, respectfully request that a copy of your 
excellent address, delivered on the occasion of the funeral ceremonies of our 
lamented President, Abraham Lincoln, Wednesday, April 19th, 18G5, be 
furnished for publication. 

Respectfully Yours, 

Richard Dunglison, A. A. Surg. U. S. A., 

Executive Officer. 

Edw. L. Duer, A. A. Surg. U. S. A. 

John C. Hilton, 1st Lt. and Military Assistant. 

G. C. Hernandez, Co. A, 5th N. Y. H. Art. 

Geo. W. Miller, Co. B, 138th Pa. 

James Cowan, Co. K, 34th Mass. 

Wm. L. Vaxhorn, Bat I, 2d Pa. Art. 

Fred. Cole, 105th V. R. C. 

Mrs. M. Conyers, Mrs. John M. Riley, 
" Henry C. Harrison, " N. S. Lawrence, 

Miss Anna Cowpland, " Sarah M. Grant, 

" • Rebekah Parke, Miss S. E. Peterson, 
" Sarah W. Smith, " Agnes Y. McAllister. 



Dr. R. J. DUNGLISON, Mrs. M. CONYERS, and others. 
Respected Friends : 

I cheerfully comply with your request, and hope that the sentiments 
I endeavored to express in the fervor of the hour, may deepen our attachment 
to the principles for which such great sacrifices have been made. 

Yours Respectfully, 

A. G. Thomas. 



TO THE 
MEMORY OP THE 
NOBLE MEN NOW NUMBERED 
WITH THEIR COUNTRY'S DEAD, BY 
WHOSE COUCH I MINISTERED IN FILBERT ST. U. 
S. A. GENERAL HOSPITAL, AND TO THE MEMORY OP ONE 
WHO, BY HER CHRISTIAN WORDS AND DEEDS, HAS WRITTEN HER 
NAME ON OUR HEARTS, AND WHO, IN HER DEVOTION 
TO THE SOLDIER'S WELFARE, DIED AT HER 
POST, DECEMBER, 1864, FELLOW-MAR- 
TYRS WITH OUR LAMENTED 
PRESIDENT, 

I TENDERLY DEDICATE THIS PAPER. 



A. G. T 




DISCOURSE. 



Genesis xxxv: 29: — "And Isaac gave up the ghost and died; * * * and 
his sons, Esau and Jacob, buried him." 

The brothers came together at their father's burial. For long 
years they had been at enmity ; but he "who was beloved by both 
was on his dying bed, and as they stood around it in common grief, 
and subsequently followed him to the grave, the cause of their 
alienation seemed trifling, and their past animosities were forgotten. 
Death, while it sunders tender ties, is a no less mighty promoter of 
earthly friendship. Especially is it such when it has been hastened 
by the hand of violence. Blood, shed in a cause that is dear to the 
hearts of the living, is a power that can never die. 

Our land, to-day, mourns the loss of a martyred father. Our 
language has no word to express the deep enormity of the crime 
that has taken away his life ; and no words that I can frame can 
describe the weight of sorrow that presses our hearts. In an hour 
and an event like this, there is a silence that is mere expressive 
than words. It is, however, the privilege of a Christian people to 
know in their darkest hours that their Heavenly Father yet lives, 
and that from apparent evil he will educe good. Various interpre- 
tations of this providence will be suggested by the many who will 
seek to read the mind of God. That which seems to me to-day 
most apparent, is that, — Our National Unity is Perfected by 
the Martyrdom of our President. 

I. We are by this event united in the ties of a common sympathy. 
In the executive mansion a widow and orphans mourn the loss of 



6 

a husband and a father. Think not that because it is in the home 
of the President, their sorrow is any the less severe. It is a 
woman's heart that has been thus so suddenly stricken. As a wife, 
she had for long years walked life's pathway with him ; from the 
humble home of western pioneers she had ascended with him to the 
highest position in the gift of a great people; she wept with him 
in defeat and rejoiced with him in success. And those orphaned 
children are not different in feeling from the children with which 
your homes have been blessed ; they had a child's confidence, a 
child's hopes, a child's pride, and all the ardor of a child's affection 
in their father. The vacant place in that family circle, never again 
to be filled, will leave as deep a blank there as it would at your 
homes. The tears and the anguish of those hearts are as sincere 
and deep as they would have been in the humblest abode in the 
land. Nor are we without experience of such sorrow. During the 
four years of our civil strife, scarce a family but has felt a like 
bereavement. Fathers, husbands, brothers, sons, have been slain. 
Every wife who has looked upon the cold form of her husband, 
brought back from the field, knows what to-day are the feelings of 
that wife in the capital. Every soldier's orphan wondering why his 
father will not come home, knows what little Thaddeus — his father's 
pet — means, when he says, " What did they kill father for ? what 
has he done ?" 

Still more, in the hind of bereavement, the experience is the same. 
To her it was sudden as it was sad. From the full joy of the 
successes for which her husband had given his best energies, to the 
deep anguish of his assassination, who can measure the terrible 
gradation ? It is said that the stricken woman exclaimed : " Why 
did they not shoot me and spare my husband ?" Doubtless her 
anguish was deeper than that of her husband as he that night 
grappled with the King of Terrors. The ball that struck him down 
pierced her heart, and to have died would not have been as terrible 
as to have experienced such a revulsion of feelings. Nor was she 
alone in such sorrows. The cry that startled the affrighted audience 
in that theatre has been heard for the past four years in more than 
two hundred thousand homes in this land ; it was but the echo of what 
has been heard in many a family circle after every battle. Some of 



us do know the sorrows we experienced when we read the familiar 
names among the list of the killed, or when the telegraph brought the 
significant message. Full many a wife has felt the bullet that 
struck down a loving husband ; full many a sister has been stricken 
when she heard of the fall of her brave brother ; and many parents 
have been pierced in the wound that took from them their pride 
and hope, Oh, we do know from experience, the grief that is to-day 
felt in the Executive Mansion! and, as when one member of a 
household is afflicted, all the family are drawn nearer to each other 
in the contemplation of the common object of sympathy, so in our 
national brotherhood ; feeling a common sympathy with the bereaved 
family at the head of the Government, we are drawn nearer to each 
other. 

II. The manner of our President's death is a bond of union. 
He died for maintaining principles which he held dear as life, and 
for which the nation has made the mighty offerings of blood and 
treasure, and energies, of these past years. And in all our sacri- 
fices, our Chief Magistrate has made the greatest. Northern 
traitors have said it is an easy matter for him to issue proclamations 
or to order conscriptions for hundreds of thousands of men ; as if 
his was only the effort of writing an order. Any one who has 
looked upon his anxious face must have known better. I believe, 
had Abraham Lincoln occupied the position of a private citizen, he 
would have recruited his company and have been found in the 
thickest of these battles for freedom. In his higher calling he has 
done more than this. While a million of men have been enduring 
the hardships of the field, he has carried the burdens of all. You 
remember the expression he made on leaving his home to take the 
reins of Government, and oh ! how fully he realized it ! Never has 
a ruler borne as tremendous responsibilities, and never has one as 
faithfully performed his work. In the Executive Mansion, among 
the soldiers, on the field and in the hospital, the fervor of his 
devotion was manifested with more than a father's care. Just six 
days before his assassination, he had spent hours in the hospitals at 
City Point, talking with and consoling the wounded. He had but 
just returned from the war-scarred fields and cities of the South, 



whither he had gone to see what was best to be devised for its 
regeneration. No human life has ever been more completely 
engrafted with the interests of earth than has his for the interests 
of the nation. In plans and their execution, in defeat and victory, 
for the present and future welfare of millions, he gave his soul's 
deepest energies. 

But in the manner of Ms death we especially trace the seal of 
our union. He was the exponent of principles that were hateful 
to the South, and for which they endeavored to tear him from his 
place. For this they moulded their bullets, forged their cannon, 
and built their iron-clads ; for this they summoned the people ,and 
led forth their armies. He was the head and front of all their 
malignity ; yet, knowing all this, our chieftain swerved not from 
his responsibility. His declaration made in our own city was, " I 
would rather be assassinated on the spot than yield these principles;" 
and never did a martyr walk to the stake with a firmer step and a 
stouter heart than he. He summoned his armies, appointed their 
leaders and marched right on in the path of duty. Between him 
and Southern bayonets millions of men have battled. And because 
the principles which he advocated were as dear to others as to him- 
self, hundreds of thousands have freely given their young lives. 
Who can estimate the treasures, the energies, the sacrifices, and 
the blood, thus freely given ? But at last, when the bullet that had 
pierced so many, seemed almost spent, it struck down the nation's 
Chief. The blood of the martyred father was mingled with that of 
his martyred children. Our President, in the midst of a nation's 
joy, gathering to himself a nation's affections and a nation's hope, 
bowed his head and was forever enshrined in a nation's heart. 

Such a martyrdom has shown how priceless are the principles in- 
volved in our struggle, and ennobled every drop of blood shed in 
their maintenance. This brotherhood in sacrifice as in sentiment, 
of the Commander-in-Chief with the humblest of the ranks, has 
united all the good, the true, and the noble, in bonds that will be 
firm while the memory of their heroic deeds shall last. 

III. In the pekson of the martyr there is a bond of union. 
From the moment in which Mr. Lincoln was invested with the 



office of Chief Magistrate he was no longer the private citizen of a 
State, but the States-m&xx — the people's representative. They 
called him from private life to administer the laws and maintain 
the honor and integrity of the Republic. Her authority, her des- 
tiny, and the majesty and dignity of her laws, were all for the 
time being centred in him. But he was more than our executive. 
By his honesty, sagacity and devotion to the interests of the coun- 
try he secured our hearty confidence. In our determined struggle 
with rebellion, cautious at first and perhaps hesitating, he had 
grown into a statesman, to whom we had all looked as a tower of 
strength. In defeat we felt stronger in the thought that a wise 
and honest man was at the helm. In the perplexing questions of 
the day we knew that his busy brain was at work, and we felt safe 
in his plans. In final success we looked to him as one who, under 
the blessing of God, would be able to complete the work. No 
President ever seemed to enjoy so much the confidence of the na- 
tion as he, when he fell. So too, he had gathered to himself the 
love of the people. He was no arbitrary ruler, delighting in the 
exercise of power ; not ambitious to appear great in history ; not 
the austere magistrate, keeping himself aloof from his fellows ; but 
emphatically the people's, man. Himself of humble life, he was the 
representative of the working man, the emancipator of the oppress- 
ed and the friend of liberty. "With a heart full of kindness he 
could not neglect the humblest of his people. An incident coming 
under my own observation will furnish a key to many of his public 
acts in this respect. Passing through the Capitol grounds, in com- 
pany with one of his secretaries, one afternoon, just after McClel- 
lan's defeat of the seven days battle, we observed the President in- 
terested in an object in a bush near by. Approaching him his secre- 
tary said, "What is the matter, Mr. Lincoln?" he replied, "There 
is a young bird here that has got out of its nest and I am trying 
to get it back." It appeared that a young wren had tried its wings 
too soon, and whilst the parent was fluttering about affrighted at the 
apparent danger of her fledgeling, the Commander-in-Chief of our 
army and navy paused to urge it back to its safe home; which, 
when accomplished, he passed on to the executive chamber, where 
more than a hundred men were waiting; for interviews of business. 



10 

The incident shows the reach of his great mind and the kindness of 
his great heart. 

Burdened with all the responsibilities of our defeat before Rich- 
mond, he could step out of his pathway and for the moment care 
for a helpless bird. It was the ruler of a great people embracing in 
his feelings the interests of the humblest in the land — the father 
yearning for the return of another fledgeling that had foolishly 
torn itself from its home. The principles cherished by our chief- 
tain, and for which he became a martyr, were just as dear to the 
hearts of millions of his countrymen ; and for these we loved him. 
His unselfish devotion to maintain the integrity of the government, 
and his broad philanthropy, had won for him the title of our Be- 
loved and Honored President — the nation's Father. 

Now can you not see in the martyrdom of such a personage a 
mighty bond of union ? To strike him down was to strike down all 
that you and I held sacred in our laws, cherished in our institutions 
and honorable in our government. It was a personal blow, that has 
come home with an intensity of feeling to every heart in the Re- 
public. It has come to us as deeper than the loss of property or 
home. An object of our love, confidence and veneration has been 
rudely torn away from life. Our plans are thwarted, our hopes on 
him are suddenly blasted, a part of our very selves has been stricken 
down. 

" Oil, what a fall was there, my countrymen ! 
Then I and you, and all of us, fell down, 
Whilst bloody treason flourished over us." 

This hour, in the pageantry at the capital and in churches and 
homes all over the land, the national brotherhood mourns with as 
deep a grief as ever hearts have felt in following a loving father to 
his grave. And whilst the body will be borne through the land to 
its last resting place, solemn, silent and impressive, an orphaned 
people will bedew its pathway with their tears as they mourn a 
martyred father. 

IV. In our execration of the deed there is a bond of union. 
It was a deed so remote from the experience of man, that no 
word in any language has been coined that can give it a name, and 



11 

no annals of history can produce its parallel. The savage has pur- 
sued his victim and, in his most unsuspecting moments, his dagger 
has tasted the sweets of revenge ; kings have lost their heads at 
the instigation of refined courtiers; and tyrants, plotting their 
country's ruin, have fallen by the hand of the oppressed ; but never 
has the President of a great republic — the choice of millions — 
been stricken down by the blow of an assassin. Never has one so 
pure, honest, merciful, with such a lofty patriotism and deep love of 
mankind, been deprived of life by so base a hand. Evidence has 
fixed the crime on one guilty wretch, and yet we know that his 
hand is not alone stained with that blood. The same hand that 
struck down our beloved President was uplifted, a few years ago, 
against the life of a senator. It was the same hand that has grown 
hard in forging human fetters, and in scourging human flesh ; the 
same red hand that has deluged the land with blood and dug it over 
with graves ; that has, with the malice of demons, murdered, by 
starvation in prisons, sixty-four thousand of our brave brothers ; 
the same parricidal hand that has aimed to destroy the life of the 
best government that God has ever given to man. I believe that 
when the evidence is fully sifted out many, both North and South, 
will be found to have been directly implicated in the plot ; and cer- 
tainly every traitor is indirectly responsible for it. Doubtless the 
assassin, with his immediate accomplices, will be arrested and meet 
their merited doom. But would you lay an iron hand on the das- 
tardly instruments and allow the more perfidious instigators to go 
free? To satisfy justice the miserable scavenger life of Booth is 
worth little more than the bullet that prostrated the victim. All 
feel that justice must have a wider sweep, that a heavy hand must 
be laid on the guilty plotters of our country's ruin. In this, to- 
day, there is but one sentiment. There was danger, a little while 
ago, lest in our terms to traitors justice should be invaded. Public 
sentiment was fast falling in love with them. Beguiled by their 
polished manner and prompted by a false magnanimity toward fallen 
foes, many spoke of their deeds as only an error of the head, for 
which mercy would be the cure. They were so magnanimous that 
to some it seemed almost our duty to get down on our knees and 
beg their pardon for our having conquered them. The life-blood of 



12 

the nation was fast becoming poisoned, and we had almost lost our 
manhood. But God has, by this event, quickened the national 
heart, and instantly it throbs with a sense of justice and righteous- 
ness. To-day, touched by the blood of our martyred President, the 
graves of our martyred brothers awake to life; and from the dismal 
swamps of Virginia and the far South, from the humble mounds at 
Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Spottsylvania, 
Forts Wagner and Fisher, from Belle Island and Andersonville, I 
hear the cry, "How long, countrymen, how long !" And from 
homes made desolate by the war, from widows and orphans, from the 
hearts of the living, the land over, there comes the answer, " Let 
the guilty plotters of rebellion be punished — let justice assert its 
place." I see it in the compressed lip and the intense countenance. 
I hear it — spoken by the winds, rolling through forests and across 
prairies; — above the din of great cities, louder than the voice of many 
waters — I hear it — Rebellion is a crime, traitors must be punished. 

Nor is this a depraved spirit of revenge ; I take it as the voice 
of God. There can be no government without a law, and no law 
without a penalty. If Justice is to be set aside for the benefit of 
accomplished traitors, then open all prison doors, raze the walls of 
every penitentiary, let no more scaffolds be built, turn loose the 
whole brood of striped convicts. If mercy only is to speak, then 
snatch the sword from the hand of Justice, and never more lift her 
scales in her temples. But why argue thus ? This is the voice of 
the purest, the wisest, the most Christian of the land ; those who 
know most of the mind and character of God. To-day it is re-echoed 
from the pulpit and the forum; from the press and people. In 
our execration of the deed there is but one sentiment, deep, loud 
and firm. 

Thus, in our national sorrow there is a mighty bond of union. 
Our President speaks with a greater power in his death than in his 
life. His lifeless body, journeying to its silent home in the West, 
will touch the hearts of millions who have been unmoved by his 
voice or deeds. 

I have attempted, with an imagination swifter than the telegram, 
to see the effect of the news of this death, as it has been told 
throughout the land. The gold-hunter of the far west hears of it 



13 

and for the time forgets the object of his search. The farmer rests 
upon his plow and bows his head in grief. Down in the mines it is 
told, and pick or shovel falls as if from palsied hands. It is repeat- 
ed in the factory, and wheels and spindles are without attention. 
It is heard in the workshop, and the hand forgets its cunning. It 
is announced on the street, and the marts of trade and the places 
of exchange are silent. It is read on the bulletin board, and strong 
men turn away with tearful eyes and compressed lips. It is borne to 
the army — signaled to fleets — announced at reviews — heralded from 
picket to picket — and the soldier's heart throbs with a quicker pul- 
sation, and he grasps his weapon with a vow and a prayer to hea- 
ven, as he thinks of the martyrdom of the Soldiers' Friend. On it 
speeds — beyond the lines — among the dusky millions for whose re- 
demption the martyr toiled and died. They hear it — and as Israel 
wept for Moses when he returned not from Nebo, so they, with a 
deeper sorrow, mourn the loss of their redeemer. He was to them 
the one sent of God, in answer to their long continued prayers ; and 
now their hearts' hope and their hearts' joy are gone. The earth 
is bedewed by their tears, and the sky is rent by their cries. And 
I believe that even in the ranks of the enemy, and in many an 
humble home of the South, deeper than the delusion of crafty lead- 
ers, there will be emotions of grief at the sad intelligence. And 
on — across the waters, to the extremities of the earth — wherever the 
oppressed are panting for liberty, wherever a true heart throbs for 
the welfare of humanity, there will b*e anguish. And on — down 
through the ages, to the remotest period of time — the brotherhood 
of the noble and the true will refer to this event with a tender in- 
terest. 

It has been the most tremendous shock that a nation has ever 
felt. He was taken in the full joy of victory, when his hopes and 
our hopes were being realized and celebrated. The war ended, the 
fetters of slavery broken, and our government re-established, like 
our Washington, we had anticipated for our Lincoln, some years of 
respite from toil, in the enjoyment of the honors and affection of 
grateful millions ; but from all this he has been suddenly and for- 
ever removed ; and it is this thought that has cast its shadow upon 
the heart of national exultation. We would fain wake him from his 



14 

sleep and bid him rejoice with us in the complete triumph of our 
government. 

But we needed all this — these draped cities — this drooping of the 
flag — our joy-bells muffled. It was meet that one so exalted in the 
affection and confidence of the people, should die for the nation. 
We needed this crucible of affliction to chasten the national spirit, 
and to fuse us as the heart of one man ; and in God's way it has 
been done. To-day the Esaus and the Jacobs of this land are 
brothers again. — Not that loyal men grasp hands red with the 
blood of their fallen brothers — there can be no fellowship of light 
with darkness, of truth with error — but among the true friends of 
the Republic all minor difficulties are laid aside. Differences of 
rank or station seem small ; schemes of self-promotion lose their 
influence ; party animosities and prejudices are forgotten ; and as 
brothers, standing around the grave of a father, are bound together 
by the common grief, so with us. Rank and file, Republicans and 
Democrats, Freedmen and Freemen, all sections, peoples and hearts, 
throb with a common grief; and in sympathy, interest and affection 
the national heart is one. We occupy a higher plane to-day than 
ever before. Chastened by this event, we will be a spectacle for 
all nations and all history. Already from the Canadas there is 
borne to us, on the wires, the sympathetic throb, and soon from the 
Old World there will come the same expressions. Our national 
power has been greatly enhanced. It will be proven that the Re- 
public cannot be destroyed by the blow of a miscreant; that its life 
and destiny are not dependent on the life of one man. The leader 
may fall at his post but another takes his place. Cabinets, sena- 
tors and the chief men may be assassinated, but the government 
will live ; for, deep in the hearts of the people, more enduring than 
man, marble, or monuments, are its principles. And as the oak, 
rocked by the tempest, sends its fibres deeper into the earth, so 
will this shock deepen the fibres of national life. No brighter, and 
yet more tender page of our country's history can be written than 
that which will refer to the words and deeds of our lamented Presi- 
dent, during the last month of his life. If he had known of his 
approaching end, and had endeavored to have made it more impressive 
he could not have succeeded. Tell me, soldiers and countrymen, 



15 

have you ever loved the Republic with as deep devotion as you do 
in this historic hour ? You have felt the inspiration of her songs, 
as you have sung them on the march, but have they ever had as 
deep a meaning as while to-day we sing them with lips trembling in 
sorrow ? That old flag has kindled your ardor, as your eye has 
caught its bright folds above the smoke of battle, but has it ever 
seemed dearer to you than now, as it droops with its impressive 
drapery ? And so, all that is deep and strong in principle, righteous 
in law, heroic in history, stirring in sentiment, that which gives 
moral power and grandeur to a nation, is intensified in the hearts ■ 
of the people to-day, quickening them to a nobler manhood and 
binding them in a closer bond of unity. 

Thus let us be assured that what is now regarded as a national 
calamity will, ere long, be looked upon as a blessing in disguise. 
The Hand that has been with our fathers, and so manifest with us 
in this momentous struggle with rebellion, has never been more ap- 
parent than in this event. Our strong staif is broken, but God has 
in it made firm the hearts of the people. Our Moses has been taken, 
but he has been educating our Joshua in the school of poverty and 
persecution, for his responsible work. And could I speak to that 
Joshua to-day, I would say, " Be strong and courageous, be not 
afraid nor dismayed for the king of Assyria ; for all the multitude 
that is with him, for there be more with us than with him. With 
him is an arm of flesh ; but with us is the Lord our God, to help us 
and to fight our battles." Could I speak to-day to all our soldiers, 
as I now address you, I would utter words of cheer. Though our 
Commander-in-Chief has fallen, the Republic is safe. You may not 
hear from his lips, as other soldiers heard from the lips of Wash- 
ington, the glad announcement that the work is done ; but you 
knoiv it is done, and ivell done. As you stack arms to return to 
your homes, come back resolving that, by the help of God, you will 
live worthy of the land for which a Washington bled and a Lincoln 
died. And could I, to-day, speak to all this nation, blinded by the 
tears of sorrow, I would say, 0, countrymen, it is not unmanly 
to weep for the mighty dead ! but let us hasten to brush the tear 
from the eye, and gird ourselves to a higher manhood for the re- 
sponsibilities of the hour. Every vestige of the rebellion must be 



16 

crushed ; its leaders must pay the penalty of their crimes ; our 
government must be restored in its integrity. Fall in — dress up — 
join in the grand march of Providence — our God is marching on. 

"He is sifting out the hearts of men, before his judgment seat ; 
Oh, be swift, my soul to answer him ! be jubilant my feet." 

"Let the sea roar, and the fullness thereof; the world, 
and they that dwell therein. let the floods clap, their 
hands ; let the hills be joyful together, before the lord ; 
for he cometh to judge the earth ; with righteousness shall 
he judge the world : and the people with equity." 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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